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Flashcards on Nervous System and Neurons
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What is the main function of the nervous system?
To transmit and process information throughout the body.
What are neurons?
Specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses.
Name the two main divisions of the nervous system.
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
What is the function of the central nervous system?
To process and coordinate information received from the senses.
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
Nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord.
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
What is the function of sensory neurons?
To carry information from the senses to the central nervous system.
What is the function of motor neurons?
To carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
What are interneurons?
Neurons that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons.
What is a synapse?
The junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted.
What is the role of neurotransmitters?
To transmit signals across the synapse between neurons.
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
To insulate and protect axons, allowing for faster transmission of signals.
What is a reflex?
An involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus.
What is the role of the spinal cord?
To relay signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
What is the function of the brain?
To control body functions, thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
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Test Your Knowledge
What is the main function of the nervous system?
To transmit and process information throughout the body.
To produce and store energy in the body.
To regulate body temperature.
To filter waste from the blood.
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What are neurons?
Cells responsible for muscle contraction.
Specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses.
Structures that filter pathogens from the blood.
Organs involved in the production of hormones.
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Which divisions make up the nervous system?
Central Nervous System and Lateral Nervous System
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System
Afferent Nervous System and Efferent Nervous System
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What is the function of sensory neurons?
To carry information from the senses to the central nervous system.
To carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
To transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons.
To regulate body temperature and heart rate.
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What is the role of neurotransmitters?
To transmit signals across the synapse between neurons.
To insulate and protect axons, allowing for faster transmission of signals.
To relay signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
To control body functions, thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
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What is a reflex?
An involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus.
A conscious decision made by the brain.
An intentional movement initiated by the muscles.
A long-term memory encoded in the hippocampus.
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What is the function of the brain?
To control body functions, thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
To transmit and process information throughout the body.
To filter waste from the blood.
To relay signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
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Which type of neuron carries signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands?
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons
Glial cells
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What is the junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted called?
Central canal
Synapse
Myelin sheath
Neurotransmitter
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What is the function of the myelin sheath?
To carry information from the senses to the central nervous system.
To transmit signals across the synapse between neurons.
To insulate and protect axons, allowing for faster transmission of signals.
To relay signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
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