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Flashcards on Non-Mendelian Genetics
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What is non-Mendelian genetics?
Non-Mendelian genetics refers to patterns of inheritance that do not follow Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment.
What is codominance?
Codominance is a type of inheritance where both alleles for a trait are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygous condition.
What is incomplete dominance?
Incomplete dominance is a type of inheritance where the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.
What are multiple alleles?
Multiple alleles are three or more alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a homologous chromosome.
What is polygenic inheritance?
Polygenic inheritance occurs when a trait is influenced by multiple genes, each having a small additive effect.
What is epistasis?
Epistasis is when the expression of one gene is controlled by another gene.
What is the role of environmental factors in non-Mendelian inheritance?
Environmental factors can influence the expression of certain genes and affect the phenotype.
What is genetic linkage?
Genetic linkage is the tendency for genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together.
What are sex-linked traits?
Sex-linked traits are traits that are controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes.
What is a dihybrid cross?
A dihybrid cross involves the inheritance of two different traits.
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
A Punnett square is used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in a cross.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics.
What is the law of segregation?
The law of segregation states that alleles separate during the formation of gametes, with each gamete receiving only one allele for each trait.
What is the law of independent assortment?
The law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another during gamete formation.
What is a monohybrid cross?
A monohybrid cross involves the inheritance of a single trait.
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Test Your Knowledge
Which of the following describes non-Mendelian genetics?
Patterns of inheritance that follow Mendel's laws.
Patterns of inheritance that do not follow Mendel's laws.
Patterns of inheritance specific to plants.
Patterns of inheritance specific to animals.
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What is codominance?
When one allele completely masks the expression of another allele.
When the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.
When both alleles for a trait are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygous condition.
When the expression of one gene is controlled by another gene.
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What is the term for three or more alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a homologous chromosome?
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Incomplete dominance
Polygenic inheritance
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What is polygenic inheritance?
When one allele completely masks the expression of another allele.
When the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.
When a trait is influenced by multiple genes, each having a small additive effect.
When the expression of one gene is controlled by another gene.
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What is the tendency for genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together called?
Incomplete dominance
Polygenic inheritance
Genetic linkage
Epistasis
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What are sex-linked traits?
Traits that are controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes.
Traits that are influenced by environmental factors.
Traits that follow Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment.
Traits that are determined by multiple genes.
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What is a Punnett square used for?
Determining the phenotype of an organism.
Predicting the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in a cross.
Determining the genotype of an organism.
Analyzing the inheritance of multiple genes.
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What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics, while phenotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics.
Genotype and phenotype are interchangeable terms.
Genotype and phenotype are the same thing.
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What is the law of segregation?
Genes located close together on the same chromosome are likely to be inherited together.
Traits are influenced by multiple genes, each having a small additive effect.
Alleles separate during the formation of gametes, with each gamete receiving only one allele for each trait.
Both alleles for a trait are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygous condition.
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What is a monohybrid cross?
A cross involving the inheritance of two different traits.
A cross involving the inheritance of a single trait.
A cross involving the inheritance of only one allele.
A cross involving the inheritance of a dominant allele and a recessive allele.
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