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Flashcards on Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides
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What are nucleic acids?
Nucleic acids are complex organic molecules that are responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information.
What are nucleotides?
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What are the two types of nucleic acids found in organisms?
The two types of nucleic acids found in organisms are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
What is the function of DNA?
DNA carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.
What is the function of RNA?
RNA is involved in protein synthesis and plays a crucial role in the expression of genetic information.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
The three components of a nucleotide are a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Which nitrogenous bases are present in DNA?
The nitrogenous bases present in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
Which nitrogenous bases are present in RNA?
The nitrogenous bases present in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U).
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA has a double helix structure, with two strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases.
What is the structure of RNA?
RNA is usually single-stranded and forms various secondary structures due to base pairing within the molecule.
What is the role of DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process by which a copy of DNA is made, allowing for the transmission of genetic information during cell division.
What is the role of transcription in gene expression?
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, allowing the genetic information to be transferred for protein synthesis.
Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?
DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for DNA replication, as it catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to form the new DNA strand.
Which enzyme is responsible for transcription?
RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for transcription, as it catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
What is the genetic code?
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in DNA or RNA is translated into proteins.
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Test Your Knowledge
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Amino acids
Proteins
Nucleotides
Carbohydrates
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Which nucleic acid is responsible for storing genetic information?
DNA
RNA
Both DNA and RNA
Neither DNA nor RNA
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What are the four nitrogenous bases present in DNA?
A, G, C, U
A, G, C, T
A, G, C, I
A, G, C, T
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What is the structure of RNA?
Double helix
Triple helix
Quadruple helix
Single-stranded
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Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?
RNA polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
DNA polymerase
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Which nucleotide is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Uracil (U)
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What is the function of RNA?
Carrying genetic instructions
Regulating gene expression
Catalyzing biochemical reactions
Playing a role in protein synthesis
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What is the role of transcription in gene expression?
Synthesizing DNA from RNA
Copying RNA to form protein
Repairing damaged DNA
Synthesizing RNA from DNA
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Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in RNA?
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Uracil (U)
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What is the genetic code?
The sequence of nucleotides in DNA
The process of DNA replication
The structure of nucleic acids
The set of rules for translating genetic information
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