Flashcards on Relationship Between Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) and Proteins
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What is DNA composed of?
DNA is composed of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process by which DNA is used as a template to create a complementary RNA molecule.
What is translation?
Translation is the process by which the RNA molecule is used to synthesize a protein in the ribosome.
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
The purpose of DNA replication is to create identical copies of a DNA molecule so that one copy can be passed on to each daughter cell during cell division.
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a protein.
What is the genetic code?
The genetic code is the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA and RNA that determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
What is mRNA?
mRNA is a messenger RNA molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
What is the function of rRNA?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of the ribosome, where it helps to catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose sugar. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded. DNA has thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases, while RNA has uracil instead.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that results in a different or altered protein being produced.
What is a codon?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.
What is the significance of proteins in the body?
Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of cells and tissues. They also play a role in metabolic reactions, transport of molecules, and regulation of gene expression.
What is alternative splicing?
Alternative splicing is a process in which different exons are selected from a pre-mRNA molecule, resulting in different proteins being produced from the same gene.
What is an operon?
An operon is a unit of genetic material consisting of a promoter, operator, and one or more structural genes that are transcribed together and regulated as a single unit.
What is RNA interference?
RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in which small RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs for destruction or by preventing translation.
What is DNA composed of?
DNA is composed of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process by which DNA is used as a template to create a complementary RNA molecule.
What is translation?
Translation is the process by which the RNA molecule is used to synthesize a protein in the ribosome.
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
The purpose of DNA replication is to create identical copies of a DNA molecule so that one copy can be passed on to each daughter cell during cell division.
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a protein.
What is the genetic code?
The genetic code is the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA and RNA that determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
What is mRNA?
mRNA is a messenger RNA molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
What is the function of rRNA?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of the ribosome, where it helps to catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose sugar. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded. DNA has thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases, while RNA has uracil instead.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that results in a different or altered protein being produced.
What is a codon?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.
What is the significance of proteins in the body?
Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of cells and tissues. They also play a role in metabolic reactions, transport of molecules, and regulation of gene expression.
What is alternative splicing?
Alternative splicing is a process in which different exons are selected from a pre-mRNA molecule, resulting in different proteins being produced from the same gene.
What is an operon?
An operon is a unit of genetic material consisting of a promoter, operator, and one or more structural genes that are transcribed together and regulated as a single unit.
What is RNA interference?
RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in which small RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs for destruction or by preventing translation.