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Flashcards on RNA and Protein Synthesis
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What is the function of RNA in protein synthesis?
RNA carries the instructions from DNA to the ribosomes to build proteins.
Where does transcription occur in the cell?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell.
What is the first step of protein synthesis?
The first step is transcription, where DNA is copied into RNA.
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins.
What is the purpose of translation in protein synthesis?
Translation converts the RNA sequence into a chain of amino acids to form a protein.
What are the two main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
The two main types are messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA).
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.
What is the start codon in protein synthesis?
The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine.
What is the end codon in protein synthesis?
The end codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA, which signal the termination of protein synthesis.
What happens during RNA splicing?
In RNA splicing, the non-coding regions of mRNA, called introns, are removed, and the coding regions, called exons, are joined together.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The central dogma states that information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.
What are the three steps in protein synthesis?
The three steps are transcription, RNA processing, and translation.
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
tRNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis based on the codons of mRNA.
What is the purpose of the genetic code in protein synthesis?
The genetic code determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein based on the codons of mRNA.
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Test Your Knowledge
Where does transcription occur in the cell?
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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What is the start codon in protein synthesis?
UGA
UAG
AUG
UGG
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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.
DNA contains the sugar ribose, while RNA contains deoxyribose.
DNA and RNA have the same nucleotide bases.
DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.
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What is the second step of protein synthesis?
RNA processing
Translation
Transcription
DNA replication
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What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Carrying genetic information from DNA
Assembling amino acids into proteins
Regulating gene expression
Producing ATP
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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins
RNA is the genetic material
Proteins are the building blocks of DNA and RNA
DNA replication does not occur in cells
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What are the two main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
mRNA and DNA
mRNA and tRNA
DNA and rRNA
rRNA and tRNA
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What is the purpose of translation in protein synthesis?
Copying DNA into RNA
Converting RNA sequence into amino acids
Removing introns from mRNA
Combining exons of mRNA
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What is the end codon in protein synthesis?
AUG
UAG
UAA
UGA
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What happens during RNA splicing?
Copying RNA into DNA
Removing introns and joining exons of mRNA
Transcribing mRNA into tRNA
Converting RNA into proteins
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