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Flashcards on RNA and Protein Synthesis
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What is RNA?
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, which is a molecule involved in protein synthesis.
What is the function of mRNA?
mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is the role of tRNA?
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes, matching them with the appropriate codon on the mRNA during protein synthesis.
What is the process of transcription?
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, resulting in the production of mRNA.
What is the process of translation?
Translation is the process where the mRNA sequence is decoded to synthesize a protein.
What are codons?
Codons are sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA that specify the insertion of a particular amino acid during protein synthesis.
What are anticodons?
Anticodons are complementary sequences of three nucleotides on tRNA that bind to codons on mRNA during protein synthesis.
What is the start codon?
The start codon (AUG) initiates protein synthesis and codes for methionine.
What is the stop codon?
Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal the termination of protein synthesis.
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs.
What is the role of the nucleus in protein synthesis?
The nucleus houses the DNA, which serves as a template for RNA synthesis during protein synthesis.
What is the relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins?
DNA encodes the information for RNA synthesis, which in turn leads to protein synthesis.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The central dogma states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.
What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
rRNA forms the structure of ribosomes and facilitates protein synthesis.
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
tRNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
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Test Your Knowledge
What is the molecule involved in protein synthesis?
DNA
RNA
mRNA
tRNA
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Which molecule carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes?
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
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What is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template called?
Translation
Transcription
Replication
Mitosis
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Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis?
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
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What are the sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA called?
Codons
Anticodons
Amino acids
Genes
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Which codon initiates protein synthesis?
AUG
UAA
UAG
UGA
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What is the cellular structure where protein synthesis occurs?
Nucleus
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
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Which molecule forms the structure of ribosomes?
DNA
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
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What is the flow of genetic information according to the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA to tRNA to proteins
DNA to RNA to proteins
tRNA to mRNA to proteins
RNA to DNA to proteins
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What is the function of rRNA?
Carrying genetic information
Forming ribosomal structure
Bringing amino acids to ribosomes
Initiating protein synthesis
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