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Flashcards on Thermodynamics: Laws and Principles
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What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.
What is entropy?
Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
What is enthalpy?
Enthalpy is the total heat content of a system.
What is the equation for calculating the change in internal energy of a system?
ΔU = Q - W
What is the equation for calculating the efficiency of a heat engine?
Efficiency = (Work output / Heat input) x 100%
What is the Carnot cycle?
The Carnot cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle that provides the maximum possible efficiency for a heat engine.
What is absolute zero?
Absolute zero is the lowest temperature possible, where all molecular motion ceases.
What is the third law of thermodynamics?
As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero.
What is the ideal gas law equation?
PV = nRT
What is heat capacity?
Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of an object by a certain amount.
What is the adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process in which there is no transfer of heat or mass between a system and its surroundings.
What is the isobaric process?
An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at constant pressure.
What is the isochoric process?
An isochoric process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume.
What is the isothermal process?
An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature.
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Test Your Knowledge
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy can be created or destroyed.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Energy always decreases in a closed system.
Energy always increases in an open system.
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What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
The entropy of an isolated system always decreases over time.
The entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.
The entropy of an isolated system remains constant over time.
The entropy of an isolated system can both increase and decrease over time.
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What is entropy?
A measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
A measure of the order or regularity in a system.
A measure of the temperature in a system.
A measure of the pressure in a system.
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What is the equation for calculating the efficiency of a heat engine?
Efficiency = (Heat input / Work output) x 100%
Efficiency = (Work output / Heat input) x 100%
Efficiency = (Work output / Heat input) x 100%
Efficiency = (Heat input / Work output) x 100%
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What is the Carnot cycle?
A cycle that occurs in nuclear reactors.
A cycle that occurs in the human body during exercise.
A cycle that occurs in the water cycle.
A theoretical thermodynamic cycle that provides the maximum possible efficiency for a heat engine.
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What is absolute zero?
The highest temperature possible.
The lowest temperature possible, where all molecular motion ceases.
The average temperature of the universe.
The temperature at which water freezes.
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What is the third law of thermodynamics?
As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance increases.
As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero.
As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance remains constant.
As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance can both increase and decrease.
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What is the ideal gas law equation?
PV = RT
PV = nRT
PV = kT
PV = V/n
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What is heat capacity?
A measure of the energy flow in a system.
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of an object by a certain amount.
A measure of the temperature difference in a system.
The amount of work done by a system.
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What is an adiabatic process?
A process that occurs in living organisms.
A thermodynamic process in which there is no transfer of heat or mass between a system and its surroundings.
A process that occurs in the human respiratory system.
A process that occurs in volcanic eruptions.
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