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Flashcards on X-rays and X-ray Diffraction
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What are X-rays?
Electromagnetic waves with high energy and short wavelengths.
Who discovered X-rays?
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
What is X-ray diffraction?
A method that uses X-rays to determine the structure of crystals.
How are X-rays produced?
When high-speed electrons collide with a metal target.
What is the main use of X-rays in medicine?
To visualize the internal structures of the body.
What is X-ray diffraction used for?
Determining the arrangement of atoms in a crystal.
What are the dangers of excessive X-ray exposure?
Increased risk of cancer and cell damage.
What is X-ray fluorescence?
The emission of characteristic X-rays from a material.
How do X-rays interact with matter?
Through absorption, scattering, and fluorescence.
What is the wavelength range of X-rays?
0.01 to 10 nanometers
What is the quality of an X-ray beam determined by?
Its energy or wavelength.
How can X-rays be used to identify elements?
By analyzing the characteristic X-ray spectrum emitted by the elements.
What is the principle behind X-ray crystallography?
X-rays are diffracted by the atoms in a crystal, producing a diffraction pattern.
What are the advantages of X-ray diffraction in materials science?
Determining crystal structure, phase identification, and texture analysis.
What is X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning?
A medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
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Test Your Knowledge
X-rays are ________ waves with high energy and short wavelengths.
infrared
electromagnetic
sound
radio
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Who is credited with the discovery of X-rays?
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Marie Curie
Albert Einstein
Sir Isaac Newton
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What is the main use of X-rays in medicine?
Chemotherapy
Diagnostic imaging
Blood transfusions
Physical therapy
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X-ray diffraction is a method used to determine the ________ of crystals.
structure
melting point
density
color
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What are the risks associated with excessive X-ray exposure?
Increased risk of cancer
Cell damage
Improved immune system
Enhanced cognitive abilities
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X-ray fluorescence is the emission of characteristic X-rays from _________.
sound waves
a material
magnetic fields
living organisms
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What is the wavelength range of X-rays?
1 to 100 meters
0.01 to 10 nanometers
10 to 1000 kilometers
0.001 to 1 micrometer
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How do X-rays interact with matter?
Absorption, scattering, and fluorescence
Refraction, diffraction, and interference
Conduction, convection, and radiation
Electrostatic attraction and repulsion
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X-ray crystallography determines the ________ of atoms in a crystal.
melting point
arrangement
conductivity
molecular weight
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What is X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning used for?
Creating detailed cross-sectional images of the body
Diagnosing mental illnesses
Detecting genetic disorders
Monitoring blood pressure
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