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Flashcards on Human Genetics
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What is genetics?
Genetics is the study of genes and heredity.
What are genes?
Genes are segments of DNA that determine specific traits.
What is DNA?
DNA is a molecule that contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a structure made up of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information.
What is a genotype?
A genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics of an individual.
What is an allele?
An allele is an alternative form of a gene that can occupy the same position on a chromosome.
What is a dominant allele?
A dominant allele is expressed when present in either the homozygous or heterozygous state.
What is a recessive allele?
A recessive allele is only expressed when present in the homozygous state.
What is a punnett square used for?
A punnett square is used to predict the possible outcomes of a genetic cross.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that may lead to a variation in traits.
What is genetic counseling?
Genetic counseling is the process of providing information and support to individuals and families who are at risk of inherited conditions.
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organism's genes to produce desired traits.
What is a pedigree?
A pedigree is a diagram that shows the presence or absence of a particular trait in a family.
What is genetic testing?
Genetic testing is the analysis of DNA, RNA, chromosomes, proteins, or metabolites to identify genetic variations.
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Test Your Knowledge
What is the study of genes and heredity called?
Microbiology
Genetics
Botany
Chemistry
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What are segments of DNA that determine specific traits called?
Genes
Proteins
Chromosomes
Cells
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What is the molecule that contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism?
Carbohydrate
DNA
Protein
Lipid
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What is a structure made up of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information?
Chromosome
Cell
Gene
Organ
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What refers to the genetic makeup of an individual?
Genotype
Phenotype
Allele
Mutation
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What refers to the observable traits or characteristics of an individual?
Genotype
Phenotype
Allele
Mutation
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What is an alternative form of a gene that can occupy the same position on a chromosome?
Allele
Phenotype
Genotype
Mutation
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When is a dominant allele expressed?
In the homozygous state only
In either the homozygous or heterozygous state
Only in females
Only in males
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When is a recessive allele expressed?
In the homozygous state only
In either the homozygous or heterozygous state
Only in females
Only in males
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What is a punnett square used for?
Detecting mutations in genes
Predicting the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
Creating genetically modified organisms
Analyzing genetic disorders
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