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Flashcards on Land Revenue Systems in India
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What is the Zamindari system?
A land revenue system where zamindars were landlords responsible for collecting taxes from peasants.
Who introduced the Ryotwari system?
It was introduced by the British East India Company.
What was the principal crop under the Mahalwari system?
The principal crop was wheat, cultivated in North India.
In which areas was the Zamindari system prevalent?
Mainly in Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, and parts of Madras and Assam.
What is the Ryotwari system?
A system where peasants (ryots) paid taxes directly to the government.
What was the Mahalwari system?
A revenue collection system involving a group of villages (mahal).
How did the Zamindari system impact peasants?
Peasants often faced high taxes and could be evicted if unable to pay.
Who was responsible for tax collection in the Ryotwari system?
The individual cultivator or peasant was responsible.
How was tax determined in the Mahalwari system?
Tax was based on the estimated produce of the village or mahal.
Did the Zamindari system allow for permanent land settlement?
Yes, the Permanent Settlement Act of 1793 granted this.
What feature characterized the Ryotwari system?
Direct settlement between the government and the cultivator.
Which system is associated with the village community being responsible for tax payments?
The Mahalwari system.
Under the Zamindari system, who bore the risk of revenue collection?
The zamindars.
What was the impact of the Ryotwari system on land ownership?
It recognized peasants as the owners of the land.
Was the Mahalwari system considered successful?
It had mixed results, leading to several modifications over time.
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Test Your Knowledge
Which land revenue system involved the collection of taxes through appointed landlords?
Zamindari
Ryotwari
Mahalwari
None of the above
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The Permanent Settlement introduced by the British is related to which system?
Ryotwari
Mahalwari
Zamindari
All of the above
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Who were primarily responsible for paying the land revenue in the Ryotwari system?
Zamindars
Peasants (ryots)
Government officials
Landlords
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Where was the Mahalwari system mainly implemented?
South India
Bengal
North Western Provinces
Entire India
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Which system faced criticism for causing hardship to peasants due to high taxes?
Zamindari
Ryotwari
Mahalwari
Both Ryotwari and Mahalwari
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What was a key feature of the Ryotwari system with respect to land ownership?
Land held by zamindars
Peasants recognized as landowners
Government ownership of land
Village community ownership
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Which system was implemented by Holt Mackenzie and modified by Metcalfe?
Zamindari
Ryotwari
Mahalwari
British Revenue system
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In which region was the Ryotwari system primarily set up by the British?
Madras and Bombay Presidencies
Bengal
North-Western Provinces
All over India
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Which system was abolished after Independence due to being unprofitable and unpopular among peasants?
Zamindari
Ryotwari
Mahalwari
All were abolished
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In the Mahalwari system, the amount of revenue to be paid was revised periodically every -
5 years
20 years
30 years
Never revised
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