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Flashcards on Organic Reaction Mechanisms
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What is a reaction mechanism?
The step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions by which an overall chemical change occurs.
What is the purpose of studying reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry?
To understand how and why a reaction occurs, which helps in predicting and controlling the outcome.
What is an elementary reaction?
A single step in a reaction mechanism that involves the collision of reactant molecules or ions.
What is a nucleophile?
An electron-rich species that donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
What is an electrophile?
An electron-deficient species that accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
What is a leaving group?
An atom or a group of atoms that can dissociate from a molecule, taking electron density with it.
What is a substitution reaction?
A reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.
What is an elimination reaction?
A reaction in which elements of a molecule are removed, resulting in the formation of a pi bond.
What is an addition reaction?
A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single new molecule with no atoms lost.
What is a rearrangement reaction?
A reaction in which the atoms of a molecule are rearranged to form a new structure.
What is an intermediate in a reaction mechanism?
A molecular entity that is formed during a reaction and reacts further to give the final products.
What is a catalyst in a reaction?
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway.
What is a concerted reaction?
A reaction in which all bond-breaking and bond-forming steps occur simultaneously.
What is a radical in organic chemistry?
A free, highly reactive species with an unpaired electron.
What is resonance in organic chemistry?
The delocalization of electrons in a molecule, represented by the use of resonance structures.
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Test Your Knowledge
Which of the following describes a reaction mechanism?
The overall outcome of a chemical change.
The step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions.
The reactants and products of a reaction.
The rate at which a reaction occurs.
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Why is it important to study reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry?
To memorize the steps of a reaction.
To understand how and why a reaction occurs.
To predict the overall outcome of a reaction.
To determine the rate constant of a reaction.
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What is a nucleophile?
An electron-deficient species.
An electron-rich species.
An atom or group that leaves a molecule.
A catalyst that speeds up a reaction.
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What is an electrophile?
An electron-rich species.
An electron-deficient species.
An atom or group that leaves a molecule.
A catalyst that speeds up a reaction.
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What happens in an addition reaction?
Atoms are rearranged to form a new structure.
Two molecules combine to form a single new molecule.
Elements of a molecule are removed.
An atom or group is replaced by a different atom or group.
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Which of the following describes a substitution reaction?
Atoms are rearranged to form a new structure.
Two molecules combine to form a single new molecule.
An atom or group is replaced by a different atom or group.
Elements of a molecule are removed.
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What is an intermediate in a reaction mechanism?
A molecular entity that reacts further to give the final products.
A catalyst that speeds up a reaction.
An electron-rich species that donates a pair of electrons.
An electron-deficient species that accepts a pair of electrons.
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What is a catalyst in a reaction?
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction.
A molecular entity that reacts further to give the final products.
An electron-rich species that donates a pair of electrons.
An electron-deficient species that accepts a pair of electrons.
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What is a concerted reaction?
A reaction in which all bond-breaking and bond-forming steps occur simultaneously.
A reaction in which atoms are rearranged to form a new structure.
A reaction in which elements of a molecule are removed.
A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single new molecule.
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What does resonance represent in organic chemistry?
The step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions.
The rate at which a reaction occurs.
The delocalization of electrons in a molecule.
The overall outcome of a chemical change.
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