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Flashcards on Structure of DNA
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What is the structure of DNA?
DNA has a double helix structure made up of nucleotides.
What are the components of a DNA nucleotide?
A DNA nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.
How are the two DNA strands held together?
The two DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases.
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
What is the complementary base pairing in DNA?
Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine in DNA.
What holds the backbone of the DNA molecule together?
The backbone of the DNA molecule is held together by phosphodiester bonds.
What is the function of DNA?
DNA carries the genetic information and instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.
What is the importance of the double helix structure of DNA?
The double helix structure of DNA allows for replication and transmission of genetic information.
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?
DNA provides the instructions to produce proteins through the process of transcription and translation.
What happens during DNA replication?
During DNA replication, the DNA molecule unwinds and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
What would happen if the DNA structure was disrupted or damaged?
Disruption or damage to the DNA structure can lead to mutations and genetic disorders.
How does the structure of DNA contribute to genetic diversity?
The structure of DNA allows for genetic recombination and the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction, leading to genetic diversity.
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick, along with Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, are credited with discovering the structure of DNA.
What techniques were used to determine the structure of DNA?
X-ray crystallography and model building were used to determine the structure of DNA.
Can DNA be found in all cells?
Yes, DNA can be found in almost all cells of living organisms.
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Test Your Knowledge
Which of the following is not a component of a DNA nucleotide?
Phosphate group
Sugar molecule (deoxyribose)
Adenine
Ribonucleotide
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What holds the two DNA strands together?
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Peptide bonds
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Which nitrogenous base pairs with thymine in DNA?
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
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What is the function of DNA?
Energy production
Cellular respiration
Carries genetic information
Protein synthesis
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What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Cube
Sphere
Double helix
Spiral
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What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
Double nucleus assembly
Deoxyribose nitrogenous acid
Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Which scientist(s) are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
Marie Curie
Albert Einstein
James Watson and Francis Crick
Isaac Newton
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What process involves the synthesis of a new DNA strand using an existing DNA strand as a template?
Replication
Transcription
Translation
DNA replication
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How does DNA contribute to genetic diversity?
By controlling cell division
By regulating protein synthesis
By producing energy
By genetic recombination and exchange of genetic material
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What happens to DNA during the process of DNA replication?
DNA breaks down into nucleotides
DNA undergoes protein synthesis
DNA unwinds and serves as a template for the synthesis of new DNA strands
DNA merges with RNA
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